I don’t know the answer to this question.  I suspect the answer is no, but I hope the answer is yes.

If a condition is "luminous," then if one is in that condition, one is in a position to know one is in that condition.  For instance: If "feeling cold" is a luminous condition, then whenever one feels cold, one is in a position to know that one is cold.

A condition would be "trivially luminous" if it were luminous by definition.  For instance, "feeling cold" would be trivially luminous if it were part of the definition of "feeling cold" that one who feels cold is in a position to know one feels cold. 

It seems that there must be trivially luminous conditions.  In fact, "feeling cold" seems like it might well be one of them; I suspect that many people would say that if one is not in a position to know that one feels cold, then clearly, one does not and could not feel cold.  Nevertheless, even if "feeling cold" is not trivially luminous, it seems surely possible to invent a trivially luminous condition.  For instance: Suppose "feeling cold" is not luminous.  In that case, it is not contradictory to say that one feels cold but does not know one feels cold.  But it seems that one could easily invent another condition — call it "schmold" — and say that one is schmold if and only if one feels cold and knows it.  In that case, it appears that "schmold" would be trivially luminous.

Here’s the problem.  If we define

Schmold1: The condition of feeling cold and knowing that one feels cold

then "schmold1" is not trivially luminous.  For one could conceivably feel cold and know that one feels cold (and therefore be "schmold1"), yet without being in a position to know that one is schmold1.  But if "schmold1" were trivially luminous, then it would be a contradiction to say that one were schmold1 without being in a position to know that one were schmold1.

So, we can try again:

Schmold2: The condition of feeling cold and knowing that one is schmold

"Schmold2" appears to be trivially luminous.  The problem now, though, is that "schmold2" is problematically self-reflexive; it includes itself in its own definition.  To see why this is a problem, notice that the above definition of "schmold2" can be expanded out, as follows:

Schmold2: The condition of feeling and knowing that [one is in the condition of feeling cold and knowing that [one is in the condition of feeling cold and knowing that […

Since we never get a chance to close off the brackets, "schmold2" appears not to specify a real condition.

These are the only two attempts I’ve made at defining a trivially luminous condition.  I’m having trouble thinking of a third way to try.  It seems like it should be possible to specify a trivially luminous condition; as I indicated above, there initially seems to be a chance that "feeling cold" is one.  But in light of these two failures, I’m not so sure.  Anyone have any ideas?

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5 responses to “Are there any trivially luminous conditions?”

  1. don k Avatar
    don k

    It is merely a matter of how you define it. The important issue is the experience of the condition. If you want to call it “feel” and attach the notion of “conscious” to the experience of “feel” then so be it. Seems that the matter is semantic. If luminous means conscious of being involved in the condition that is one thing but if luminous merely means being in that condition it is another. Define it any way you want and live with it.

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  2. Richard Avatar

    Schmold1 might work if we accept (KK_c): if you know you feel cold, then you know that you know you feel cold.

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  3. enwe's meta-blog Avatar

    2/18/2005: Philosophical Weblogs, Daily overview

    Dave Chalmers: All the Power in the World

    <

    div style=”margin-left: 40px;”>[Peter Unger has put six of the ten chapters of his forthcoming book <a href=”http://www.nyu.edu/gsa

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  4. enwe Avatar

    Only a two short (and perhaps stupid) questions. Firstly: What do you mean with “know” in “if a condition is “luminous,” then if one is in that condition, one is in a position to know one is in that condition”? I mean: Is that some sort of justified belief?
    And secondly: Your write that
    “A condition would be “trivially luminous” if it were luminous by definition. For instance, “feeling cold” would be trivially luminous if it were part of the definition of “feeling cold” that one who feels cold is in a position to know one feels cold”.
    Well, what do you mean with “is in a position”?
    Does it mean:
    A feels cold -> A is able to know that A feels cold
    or that:
    A feels cold ->A knows that A feels cold?

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  5. david Avatar
    david

    Richard,
    Well, even if your KK_c is necessarily true (which I somewhat doubt), it probably is not true in virtue of the definition of “know”. So unless we incorporate something like KK_c into the definition of “schmold1,” I don’t see how KK_c could make schmold1 trivially luminous.
    So, suppose we do incorporate something like KK_c into the definition of schmold1. In that case I suppose we’d get something like this:
    Schmold3: The condition of feeling cold, knowing that one feels cold, and knowing that one knows one feels cold
    But now we’ve got the same problem all over again, since one could know that one knows one feels cold without knowing that one knows that one knows one feels cold.
    Something like KK_c might work here, though. If so I’d like to see how.
    Enwe,
    I’m intentionally leaving “know” open here. Actually, I’m not sure it matters much what “know” means. I think you could generate a similar problem with “believe,” or “doubts that,” or “wishes that,” etc.
    By “in a position to” I mean something like “able to.” If one is in a position to know one is in condition C, then one could “very easily” know that one is in C. But as with “know,” I don’t think very much hinges on what “in a position to” really means. I think we’d have a similar problem if we just dropped “in a position to” from the above formulations altogether.
    By the way, if anyone’s curious, my motivation to think about this question comes from chapter 4 of Williamson’s Knowledge and its Limits, where Williamson presents an argument designed to show that conditions like “feeling cold” aren’t luminous. For reasons I won’t go into now, I think that if we found a way to define a trivially luminous condition, we could show that Williamson’s argument fails.

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